Gas burner and flame deflector



March 4, 1952 v, ABRAMS 2,587,802

GAS BURNER AND FLAME DEFLECTOR Filed Oct. 1947 7 2/22 A 1 VENTOR. 5 5QZWW 50 29 A: BY u-q Y 2/ 25 "7;' 25 ATTVS.

Patented Mar. 4, 1952 GAS BURNERAN D FLAME DEFLECTOR Victor B. Abrams,Rockford Ill., assignor to Geo;

D. Roper Corporation, Rockford; III., a corporation oflllinoisApplication. Octber23, 1947, Serial No. 781,7;

5 Claims (Cl. I5'8-113),

This invention, relates. to. gas. burners;

An object of the invention is to provide a: gas burner with an improvedconstruction that pro vides for a high degree of efliciency.

Another object ofthe invention: is; to. provide a burner with aconstruction which is compact. particularly in the vertical dimension,whichlmay beinstalled directly ona front or rear gas manifold, which hasa relatively high turn-down ratio and which is relatively inexpensive tomanufacture and install.

Other objects and advantages of the; invention will become apparentfromthe following detailed description taken in connection withtheaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a top view of a burner embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially along the line2--2' of Figure 1; and

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along the line3-3 of-Fig. 2.

Referring now to the drawings the invention is shown embodiedin a gasburner comprising a burner head II with a port l2 and adapted. for

connection to a mixing tube l3 of conventional construction. Normallygas is supplied to the mixing tube l3 from a gas supplythrough a bellshaped mouth M of the mixing tube by a gas fitting nozzle l5. Air isdrawn through anopening IS in a shutter plate I! disposed across thebell shaped end. of. the mixing tube and" mixes with the gas as thelatter flows through the mixing tube to provide the burner head H with areadily combustible mixture.

In the embodiment of the invention herein illustrated it iscontemplated, that the gasstream progresses through the burner headwithout sud.- den change in. direction or velocity from. the point ofentry to and through the. points, of discharge so that. when the.streamof gas. issdischarged, it still has a hightpercentotits originalenergy. To thisend Iv utilize apassagewayi8 for the air-gas mixture inthehead- N that imparts the characteristics of a. spiral vortex to thestream. Thus the air-gas stream. enters. the burner head from the mixingtube [3' at. a. point which is tangent to the-greatest; circleaof'thepas.- sageway in the burner head Ii andvthence: by a composite of;radial and rotary flow. follows: a spiral pattern to the annular.discharge port 12. The latter is, located adjacent and, faces inwardlytoward the axis of. the greatestcircla. Preferably: the port i2-isconcentric: with: the. latter axis.

The. annular passageway l8 in: the present in,-

stance is. formedby a: centrally disposed member l9 surrounded. by: an.annular member. M having a. generally U -shaped or other convenientlyshaped cross section. The'annular member comprises spaced side portions22 and. 23 integrally interconnected attheir. outer-peripheral edges byan arcuate; shaped. portion 24.. The annular member 21 isv supported bythezsleeve. member t9. To this end the latter is formed with a collar 25atlitslower, end. The collar is of largerdiameter than. an opening in:the side portion, 23; through which the; sleeve I9, projects. Thus, asshown: in Fig. 2 the. side portionl23. rests on: and is supported by'the collar 25. To prevent gas leakage theiit between the; side portion1Z3 and the, sleeve I9 is a slight; press fit...

The; gas streamenters the annular passageway I8 through an opening 26formed in the head II and in communication with 1 the mixing tube [3.The opening is positioned in thehead sothatthe streamof air andgasenters the'annular. passageway H3 at substantially" atangent to thegreatest circle. of the annular passageway as shown, in Fig.3.

After circulating about theannular passageway in the m-annerof a forcedvortex the gas stream is discharged throughthe annular port [2 formed inthe head i I. To simplify construction the port [2 herein is: formed byturning the; upper end 30 of the, sleeve portion l9 inwardly at. anangle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve. An innerperipheral edge 2! of theside member 22 is; inclined at substantiallythe same angle as the inclined portion 300i the sleeve. l9 and.isarranged to. be in a spaced overlying relation. therewith. Thisconstruction forms the annular port which is: in continuouscommunication with. the passageway 18. The port. l2; isadisposed so thatthe gas stream spirals toward the center of the. greatestlcircleoi the:passageway l8 before andafter itisdischarged.

The; characteristics of the; burning gasdischarged from. the. annularport 1 2 can be varied considerably.. Thus. for. example, the flamepattern can. be varied by providing baflles which deflect the gas:stream as it is discharged from the-port 12. In. Fig. 211 have shown aconstruction which gives a very efficient ring like flame upward-1y'istform'ed.hereinby acylindrical meme.

her-28 of? a lengthy substantially greater: than. the width. of. the,port 1 2:. Atzone; end. the latter'is seated. onan annular shoulderlfi':formed on; the

extreme upper end of the sleevemember l9 so that the outer periphery ofthe cylindrical member is encircled by the annular port [2. The bafllefor deflecting the stream of gas outwardly is formed herein by anannular collar 31 integral with the cylindrical member and overhangingthe sides thereof at a position spaced from the annular port I2.

In operation the foregoing deflector or baflle construction in effectprovides two ports for the.

burning gas, one comprising the sleeve 28 and the collar 3| and theother the annular port 12. For I example, when the air-gas mixtureimpinges on the surface of the sleeve 28, the kinetic energy of thedischarged gas causes the stream to follow a helical path, after itleaves the annular port l2 about the outer surface of the sleeve 28until it strikes the collar 3| and is deflected outwardly. Ignition ofthis stream of gas occurs as soon as the stream leaves the port 12. Thehigh velocity of the stream promotes admixture with secondary air toeffect efiicient combustion. At the same time the swirl and the ultimatevortex effect set up by the baffles produces a low pressure area on theinside of the deflector collar 3| that is beneficial in effecting thepassage of secondary air through a centrally disposed passage 32 formedon the interior of the burner body ll. v An extremely high port loadingis possible with this construction without causing the flame to lift orblow off. Operation at 100,000 B. t. u.s per hour is practicable becausethe deflectors exe rt a. stabilizing influence on flame retention. Thisis believed to be due to the fact that the deflectors in effect form asecondary port fed by the high velocity gas stream spiraling around in ahelical path.

When the gas is turned down low so that the port loading is very low,such as when the burner is used as a simmer burner, the entire action ofthe burner is changed. Thus, there is no longer available sufiicientkinetic energy in the gas stream to produce any significant swirl eitherin the annular passageway H3 or about the sleeve 28'. In this stage ofoperation the burner becomes in effect a conventional static pressureburner with the annular passageway I8 functioning as a plenum chamberand the port discharge'being a function of static pressure. thiscondition of operation, combustion occurs 'at or entirely contiguousto'the annular port [2 which is of small area.- It is to be understoodfrom the foregoing that since the port area of port I2 is small andsince the port loading at normal operation is high compared to when theburner is used as a simmer burner in which case the port loading isrelatively low, this burner has an exceptionally good turn-down ratio.With an experimental model a turn-down from 12,000 B. t. u.s per hour toless than 400 B. t. u.s per small vertical dimension. The latter isdesirable from an installation standpoint since compactness in a burnerconstruction requires that a minimum amount of space be utilized forin-- stalling a burner. This burner may be installed as either a frontor a rear burner.

While I have shown a particular embodiment of my invention, it is to beunderstood that I do not wish to be limited thereto since manymodifications may be made and therefore con- Y template by the appendedclaims to cover any such modifications as fall within the'true spiritand scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. A premixed gas burner comprising a head having an upper side andbeing formed with an annular passageway disposed below said upper sideand an opening in communication with said passageway, said opening beingpositioned so that gas enters said annular passageway in a tangentialrelation, said head including means defining .an annular port in theupper side thereof inclined upwardly and inwardly of said passageway sothat gas spiraling around said passageway is directed to be dischargedthrough said port so as to converge toward the centerline of said headat a point thereabove in a continuous stream having vortexcharacteristics, a cylindrical member mounted concentrically of saidport having a vertical peripheral cylindrical surface extending upwardlyfrom the port adjacent the latter, coaxial therewith and arranged todeflect said stream of gas upwardly from said port, and an annularflange at substantially right angles to said peripheralrsurface formedat the upper end of said member in spaced relation with said port fordeflecting said stream of gas outwardly from said circular member. a

2. A premixed gas burner comprising a sleeve body having an inturned endportion, an annular member encircling said sleeve body and includingspaced annular portions and an annular bridging portion spaced fromthesleeve body and interconnecting said spaced annular portions, one ofsaid spaced annular portions fitting snugly with the sleeve portion andthe other having an inner preformed edge in spaced substantiallyparallel relation with the inturned end portion of the sleeve body toform a continuous annular port directing the flame in a direction toconverge at a point above the sleeve body, said sleeve body and saidspaced portions and bridging portion of the annular member forming anannular chamber in communication with said port, said annular memberhaving an opening for connection to a mixing tube so that gas flowingthrough said tube enters said chamber in a tangential manner,

' and a baffle mounted adjacent said port having houror a ratio inexcess of 30:1 has been oban annular portion extending upwardly from thesleeve and coaxial therewith and an upper flange portion substantiallyat right angles to and ex-' tending outwardly from the first balfleportion upper wall facing upwardly'and inwardly toward the centerline ofsaid head, and a baffle adjacent said port having a cylindrical surfacecoaxial therewith for deflecting the stream of gas exhausted throughsaid annular port upwardly and an annular flange at substantially rightangles to said surface for deflecting the gas outwardly away from saidport.

4 The combination recited in claim 1 in which the axial length of thecylindrical member is substantially greater than the width of the port.

5. A premixed burner head comprising a body having an annular passagewayformed therein,

means formed in said body for effecting the entrance of gas to saidpassageway in a tangential relation, said body having a first annularport in communication with said annular passageway and shaped to directthe flow of gas in a direction to converge at a point on the centerlineabove the body, means adjacent the port for deflecting the gasvertically upwardly upon discharge from the port and means operativelyassociated with said last means spaced above the port for deflecting thegas outwardly from the vertical deflecting means and forming with thelatter a gas burning area under high velocity of gas flow through saidpassageway.

VICTOR R. ABRAMS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 364,101 Gill et a1 May 31, 18871,158,986 Cronwell Nov. 2, 1915 1,738,199. Peabody Dec. 3, 19292,027,159 Fulton Jan. 7, 1936 2,346,333 Schaumann Apr, 11, 1944 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 202,099 Great Britain Aug, 16, 1923 500,699Germany June 24, 1930 574,734

Germany Apr 20, 1933

